Chigaba chakanamira pachiteshi hachingori bhiri rinokura; ibhiri raungakwanisa kupikisa. Demurrage inoshanda apo mudziyo uzere unogara mukati mechiteshi chemugungwa, uye kuvharirwa kunoshanda nepo mudziyo wemutakuri uri kunze kwechiteshi, kubva gedhi-kunze kusvika isina chinhu chadzorerwa. Iwo mamodheru nemadhairekitori anotsanangura izvo tsananguro uye mira ipapo. Zvavasingawanzo taura ndezvekuti kuUS, Federal Maritime Commission ikozvino inodzora kuti mhosva idzi dzinogona kunyoreswa sei, ndiani anogona kubhadhariswa, uye nekukasira kwaungagona kukakavadzana nazvo, uye kuti invoice inoshaya ruzivo rwunodiwa inobvisa chisungo chako chekubhadhara kusvika chagadziriswa. Izvozvo zvinoshandura zvinofanira kuitwa nemutengesi kana chiziviso chekutanga chedemurrage chasvika.
Kana wachi yatanga
Demurrage inotanga kana mudziyo ukapfuura nguva yayo yemahara pane terminal mushure mekubuda. Wachi haitangi kana ngarava yamira; inotanga kana mudziyo uripo kuti utore, uye mazuva emahara, nhanho nhanho, uye kana kupera kwevhiki kuverenga zvese zvinouya kubva mutero wemutakuri uye mitemo yemuchina. Kuvharirwa kunoshanda zvakasiyana. Zvinotanga kana chigaba chakazara chabva pachiteshi, kazhinji pamutakuri werori, uye chinomhanya kusvika chisina chinhu chadzoserwa kunzvimbo yakasarudzwa yemutakuri. Vatakuri dzimwe nguva vanobhadhara yakasanganiswa demurrage uye nguva yekuvharirwa, uye yakatarwa nguva dzekutanga dzinosiyana nemutakuri uye chiteshi.
Nekuda kwekuti wachi iri mutero, kwete muchinamira pamudziyo, danho rekutanga rinoshanda kana chigaba chanamira ndechekudhonza mazwi emutero wemutakuri uye chibatiso; bato rinobhadharisa rinofanirwa kuashandisa nguva dzose, uye mitero inowanzobudiswa. Kana iyo terminal yakavharirwa zororo inosanganisirwa mumitemo yekuverengera, kana mudziyo wanga usiri kuwanikwa kuti utore nekuti iyo terminal yaive nayo, izvo zvinhu zvinoshandura arithmetic uye zviri mufaira rako.
Ndiani anogona kubhadhariswa zviri pamutemo
Pasi pe Federal Maritime Commission mutemo wekupedzisira wekuvharirwa uye demurrage maitiro ekubhadhara, kushanda Chivabvu 28, 2024, invoice inogona kungopihwa kune rimwe remapato maviri: munhu ane account yekufambisa yemugungwa kana chengetedzo yakapihwa uye akaita kondirakiti yayo, kana mutumwa, anotsanangurwa semutambi wekupedzisira wemutoro, munhu anozoendeswa kwekupedzisira. Invoice haigone kupihwa kune akawanda mapato panguva imwe chete.
Izvi zvine basa munyika chaiyo nekuti mabhiri anotumirwa kune ani nani ari nyore kusvika: bhuroka, mutyairi werori, mumiriri wemutengesi. Kana nzvimbo yako isiri iyo consignee uye isina chibvumirano chengoro, bhiri rakanyorerwa kwauri rinogona kuwira kunze kwemutemo. Mafungiro mamwe chete aya anodzivirira vadiki vanopinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika vanopihwa mari dzemapato ari muchikamu.
Invoice pachayo ine mazino
Mutemo unoda ruzivo rwakakwana rwunozivikanwa kuti ruoneke pane imwe invoice. Hechino chikamu icho vazhinji vanounza kunze kwenyika havambonzwa: kana chero ruzivo rwunodiwa rwusipo, chisungo chebato rinobhadhariswa kubhadhara mutero chinobviswa. Iyi haisi hunyanzvi hwekushandisa; ndicho chikonzero chekuongorora yega yega demurrage uye detention invoice mutsara nemutsara usati wabhadhara, nekuti ruzivo rwunodiwa rwuripo chaizvo saka muripo unogona kusimbiswa maererano nekufamba kwainoti inobhadhara.
Mimwe mitemo miviri yenguva inokosha. Vatakuri vengarava nevafambisi vezvikepe zvemugungwa vanofanira kuburitsa ma invoice aya mukati memazuva ekarenda makumi matatu kubva pakapedzisira kubhadhariswa mari, uye vatakuri vengarava vasiri ngarava vanofanira kuburitsa mukati memazuva makumi matatu ekarenda kubva pazuva reinivhoisi yavakagamuchira. Kana uchinge wabhadhariswa, une mazuva angangoita makumi matatu ekarenda yekukumbira kudzikiswa, kudzoserwa, kana kuregererwa, uye kana iwe ukanyorera chikumbiro nenguva, bato rinobhadharisa rinofanira kuedza kuchigadzirisa mukati memazuva makumi matatu kunze kwekunge mativi ese ari maviri abvumirana imwe nguva. The FMC's demurrage uye peji rekuvharirwa inounganidza mutemo, data, uye nzira dzekunyunyuta munzvimbo imwechete.
Kuverenga mazwi emahara-nguva sechibvumirano
Nguva yekusununguka haisi tsika; inhamba yakanyorwa mutero wemutakuri, uye inogona kuverengwa usati wabhuka. Paunodhonza mazwi emukoto, tsvaga zvinhu zvina. Chii chakakosha sezuva rekutanga: zuva rekuburitsa, kuwanikwa kwemidziyo, kana zuva iro terminal inotumira mudziyo seyakagadzirira kutorwa. Izvo mazuva emahara anoshanda kune: mazuva ekarenda kana mazuva ekushanda, uye kana mazororo ari mukarenda yeterminal haana kubatanidzwa. Zvinoitwa nechiyero mushure menguva yemahara: ingave inokwira kamwe chete kana komisheni, uye kana mutakuri mabhiri pamudziyo kana pazuva zvakazara. Uye chii chinogadzirisa wachi: gedhi-kunze kwedemurrage, kudzoka kusina chinhu kwekuvharirwa, uye kana zvinhu zvakare kana kuongorora pakati kunomira kuverenga.
Iwo mana akadzama anosarudza dzinenge nharo dzese. Munhu anopinza kunze kwenyika anoziva kuti nguva yemahara inomhanya mumazuva ekarenda asi iyo terminal yakavharwa vaviri vacho ine nharo yechokwadi. Mutengesi anotora mazwi akafanana akashandiswa pazviteshi zviviri izvi haana chekupokana nacho.
Chii chekuita kana zero dzichitanga kuunganidza
Masikirwo acho ndeekudana munhu wese toita nharo. Iyo faira inouya pakutanga. Unganidza zuva rekuburitswa uye zuva rekuwanikwa kwemidziyo kubva kune terminal, gedhi-kunze uye isina marekodhi ekudzoka kana kuvharirwa kuchibatanidzwa, nguva yemahara kubva pamutero wemutakuri, uye invoice pachayo nezuva rayo. Enzanisa chinhu chimwe nechimwe uchipesana nezvinodiwa nemutemo usati wafunga kubhadhara, kupokana, kana kukumbira kudzikiswa.
Chikumbiro chakanyatsovakwa chekudzikisa chipfupi uye chechokwadi. Taura mugaba nenhamba dzeinvoice, wobva wafamba nepakati penguva: pakaburitswa mudziyo, pawainyatsowanikwa, mutyairi werori paakaedza kutora, chii chakavharisa kuburitswa, uye zvawakaita kuigadzirisa. Batanidza marekodhi ekupedzisira, zvisimbiso zvekugadzwa, uye chero tsamba dzinoratidza chikonzero. Bato rinobhadharisa rinofanirwa kuyedza kugadzirisa chikumbiro nenguva mukati memazuva makumi matatu, saka chikumbiro chinofanirwa kunge chakazara pakutumirwa kwekutanga; kunyunyuta kwemitsara miviri kuti mhosva haina kunaka inovapa hapana chekutendera.
Zvadaro fambisa kutakura. Kupokana kwese kunofambidzana nemitengo chaiyo: chassis, kuchengetedza, marori anoratidza uye anosiya asina chinhu. Kana iyo blockage ine chekuita netsika, iyo inokurumidza kugadzirisa inogona kunge iri kugadzirisa ekupinda mapepa; maonero edu e China kunonoka kutumira inovhara zvakajairwa zvinokonzeresa kudivi rekwakabva, uye kwekuenda-padivi mapepa ona iyo customs clearance peji. Kana iyo blockage iri marori kana kugadzwa kwakabatana, iro idambudziko rekuronga, kwete repamutemo: tora pikicha inoiswa mukunyora nguva yemahara isati yapera, kwete mushure.
Kuvharirwa imhuka yakasiyana
Kuvharirwa ndiko uko vazhinji vanotenga kunze kwenyika vanoverenga zvisirizvo mari yacho. Demurrage ndeye terminal inoda nzvimbo kumashure. Kuvharirwa ndeyemutakuri ari kuda kuti chigaba chake chidzoke, uye wachi inotanga kana mudziyo uzere uchibuda pagedhi, kwete kana chikepe chasvika. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kuverenga kunowanzotanga iwe uchiri kuburitsa, uye inoramba ichimhanya kupera kwevhiki, kuburikidza nekunonoka kwako kweimba yekuchengetera zvinhu, uye kuburikidza nekugadzirisa chero mudziyo ungangoda chinhu chisina chinhu chisati chagamuchirwa panzvimbo inochengeterwa. Chigaba chinogara chisina chinhu muyadhi yako kwevhiki mushure mekuburutsa chinogona kuunza kuvharirwa kwakawanda kupfuura demurrage yayaidzivirira.
Iyo inoshanda yekudzora kuronga kudzoserwa kusina chinhu mudziyo usati wasvika. Simbisa maawa enzvimbo inochengeterwa zvinhu, kana ichibvuma kudzoserwa pasina kurongerwa, uye kuti icharamba bhokisi rakadii. Chassis inochengetwa nekuti depo yakavharwa neMugovera ichiri kubhadhariswa kwauri, uye kukakavara pamusoro payo hakuwanzo kudzorera mari yacho.
Rutivi rwekutanga rwunowana demurrage zvakare
Vatengesi vanotarisa pachiteshi chengarava, asi makanika mamwe chete anomhanya pachiteshi chekutakura zvinhu muChina. Kana fekitori yemutengesi isingakwanise kuendesa mudziyo usati wavharwa, kana kuburitswa kwetsika kunononoka, mudziyo unogona kupotsa chikepe chayo uye kana kukunguruka kuenda kune inotevera chikepe kana kugara panzvimbo yepakutanga terminal accruing charges. Ndiani anotakura iyo mutengo zvinoenderana neIncoterms yako uye pane izvo kontrakiti yako nemutengesi inoti nezvemazuva ekugadzirira kutakura zvinhu uye zvisungo zvekucheka.
Kudzivirira kunoshanda pakwakabva kunoratidzika kwakasiyana nekwaunoenda. Panzvimbo yekuhodha marori ekutakurisa, iwe chengetedza hurongwa: zuva rekugadzirira kutakura rakasimbiswa nekunyora, kuendeswa kwefekitori kunzvimbo inochengeterwa bhafa kusati kwatemwa, uye magwaro ekunze akagadzirirwa kare. Kana mutengesi achisundidzira kuendesa kuzuva rekupedzisira kusati kwatemwa, kutumira chinhu chimwe chete chetsika kubva kune kwakabva demurrage, uye mutengo iwoyo kazhinji unomhara kune ani nani uyo kontrakiti inoti ndiye ane mhosva yengarava yakapotsa. Kukumbira chisimbiso-chakagadzirira kutakura mavhiki maviri kusati kwatemwa kwakachipa pane kuona kuti yatsvedza mushure mekunge kubhuka kwavharwa.
Kudzivirira kunokunda kukakavara
Nguva yemahara inotaurirana padanho rekondirakiti. Vafambisi vakuru vanotaurirana mazuva emahara muzvibvumirano zvavo zvebasa; vatengesi vadiki vanobva kunze vanowanzogara nhaka chero ipi zvayo inopihwa mutero. Tsika mbiri dzinoderedza kuratidzwa zvisinei nehukuru. Chekutanga, ronga pikicha isati yasvika chikepe: ziva zuva rekusvika, bhuka mutyairi werori uye kugadzwa kwekutumira pachine nguva, uye simbisa iyo terminal ichaburitsa mudziyo kana yekupinda yapera. Chechipiri, bata divi rekuenda kwekushanda kwako sechikamu chekutumira. Iyo imwechete yakajairika sosi yedemurrage ndeyekuti mutengesi akange asina kugadzirira apo mudziyo waive.
Kune nzira dzinodzokororwa, bvunza kuti mazwi emutakuri emahara-nguva chii chaizvo, mumazuva, pamhando yemudziyo, uye simbisa izvo zvinokonzeresa zuva rekutanga rakabhadharwa. Anoendesa mberi anofambisa zvinhu zvako nguva nenguva anogona kukuudza kuti ndeapi materminal pachiteshi chakapihwa ane mahwindo akaomesesa, inova ruzivo rwakakodzera kuva neinvoice pamberi, kwete mushure.
FAQ
Kusaina risiti yekutumira kunobvisa kupokana kwangu kwedemurrage here?
Kwete. Hutongi hwemakakatanwa ekubhadharisa hwakasiyana nekugamuchira kutakura zvinhu. Kusaina kutakura uye kugashira chigaba hakubvisi kodzero yako yekukumbira kudzikiswa, kudzoserwa, kana kubvisirwa muripo wakabhadharwa zvinopesana nemitemo.
Anoendesa mberi anogona kungobhadhara terminal uye kundibhadharira gare gare?
Izvozvo zvinowanzoitika, uye zvinogona kuviga nyaya yacho. Kana munhu anoendesa mberi achibhadhara kuti asunungure mudziyo uye agokupa mari yacho gare gare, bvunza invoice yepakutanga nemarekodhi ekufamba. Ruzivo rwemutemo zvinodiwa zvinoshanda kune invoice mucheni, uye kugona kwako kupokana kunoenderana nekuona iro gwaro chairo nguva dzekupedzisira dzisati dzapfuura.
Chigaba changu chaigara pachiteshi nekuti tsika dzaibata. Ndiani anobhadhara?
Kazhinji anopinza, ndosaka kukurumidza kugadzirisa kwetsika kubata kuri kugadziridzwa faira. Izvo zvakati, kana kubata kwakakonzerwa nebato rinodikanwa kuti riite mapepa avo uye chokwadi chinoratidza, icho chinotsigira chikumbiro chekudzikisa. Iro hwindo remazuva makumi matatu nderemhando iyi yekutumira, yakagadzirwa nemarekodhi kwete kupokana.
Mutemo uyu unongova nezvezviteshi zveUS?
Mutemo wekubhadharisa weFMC unotonga kutengeserana kweUS pasi peShipping Act. Mimwe misika ine hutongi hwavo uye yavo yemahara-nguva maitiro. Kana iwe ukapinza muEU, UK, kana kumwewo, tora mutakuri wenzvimbo uye materminal tariffs control uye utarise iwo zvakananga; chirango chekusimbisa invoice inopesana nemarekodhi ekufamba inofamba kwese kwese.
The takeaway
Demurrage uye kuvharirwa ndidzo chete mhosva mbiri dzekutumira uko mutongi weUS ataura pachena kuti invoice yakaremara inobvisa chisungo chekubhadhara. Vatengi vanoziva kuti vanotarisa ma invoice avo pane kuatora, uye vanoziva mahwindo ekubhadharisa vanoita mukati memazuva ekupedzisira pane kuvatevera. Hapana tsika inodhura chero chinhu, uye ese ari maviri akakosha kupfuura avhareji yekukurukurirana kwemazuva mashoma emahara.
