Kana nzira yako yekutaurirana zvibvumirano zvekutakura zvinhu zvemugungwa China ikatanga nekuunganidza hafu-gumi nemaviri makotesheni uye woadzosera kune wako anokuendesa mberi nechishuwo chekufananidza chakaderera, unenge wanga uchisiya mari patafura. Iro zano rinoshanda kune imwe-off kutakura. Asi kune chero maneja wekutenga maindasitiri anofambisa vhoriyamu inowirirana, ndiyo nzira inokurumidza kubviswa kana nzvimbo yaoma. Ndakaona zvichiitika - mutengi akaramba achidzingirira nzvimbo dzakaderera anoguma aine rollover cargo muna Gumiguru nepo mutakuri akakiya kondirakiti ne50 TEUs pagore anowana yakavimbiswa slot.
Iko kuzvipira kwevhoriyamu kunovhura mazuva emahara ehusungwa - kazhinji mazuva manomwe kusvika gumi nemana - uye kuchengetedzwa kwekutanga rollover mumwaka wepamusoro apo huwandu hwehuwandu hunowedzera (GRIs) hwasvika gumi muzana kana kupfuura pakota. Vazhinji vatengi vanorwisa GRIs reactively. Mutambo wakangwara ndewekutaurirana neGRI cap mukondirakiti kumberi. Iyo dhizaini yakatwasuka-mberi: iwe unozvipira kune yakaderera vhoriyamu, anoendesa mberi anozvipira kune mwero sirin'i. Mhedzisiro yacho ndeyekufanotaura kwemitengo iyo misika yemunzvimbo haigone kuunza. Rega ndikufambise nematanho mashanu anoshandura chikumbiro chenguva dzose kuita kondirakiti yekutakura inodzivirira muganho wako mukati mezvikamu zvitatu zvinotevera.
Nei Vatambi veChinese Vanopa Mareti arinani ekudzokorodza Vafambisi
Vafambisi vane zvibvumirano zvekutakura zvakananga vanopa 8-15% pazasi pemitengo yevafambi vanoita 50+ TEUs pagore.
Vafambisi vekuChina vane zvibvumirano zvekutakura zvakananga vanogona kupa vhoriyamu-inotyairwa zvidzikiso izvo zvinoona vatakuri vemusika vasingamboone. Iyo pfungwa iri nyore: ivo vanotenga midziyo inotsvedza muhuwandu uye vanopfuudza chikamu chekuchengetedza kudzokorora vatengi. Kuzvipira kwe50+ TEUs pagore kunovhura mareti 8-15% pazasi pemusika wenzvimbo, pamwe nezvinogoneka senge mazuva emahara ekuvharirwa uye kuchengetedzwa kwekutanga rollover mumwaka wepamusoro.
Danho 1: Unganidza 3-6 mwedzi yekutumira data. Pasina humbowo hwehuwandu, hauna simba. Unganidza spreadsheet inoratidza kuverenga kweTEU pamwedzi, peya-kwekuenda, uye mari yekutakura zvinhu. Anoendesa mberi anoda izvi kururamisa chibvumirano chakagadzirirwa kune avo vanotakura zvinhu.
Danho 2: Ziva akanakisa anotakura mutakuri wenzira yako. Mibatanidzwa mikuru mitatu (Ocean Alliance, THE Alliance, 2M) inoshanda zvakasiyana paUS West Coast vs. Europe vs. AU. Iyo Qingdao-yakavakirwa mberi seWanSea ine hukama hwakadzama mumibatanidzwa inogona kukuenzanisa iwe nemubatanidzwa unopa dzinoenderana nguva dzekufambisa kune yako chaiyo chiteshi vaviri.
- Kuzvipira kwehuwandu: Kazhinji 50–100 TEUs pamukoto pagore. Kunyanya kunyatsoita iwe, zviri nani chiyero.
- Ratidza mabhenji: Mari dzemakondirakiti dzinofanirwa kubairirwa kundege yakadhindwa (semuenzaniso, Xeneta kana Shanghai Containerized Freight Index) ine chikamu chakaderedzwa chakaderedzwa.
- BAF kugadzirisa: Sanganisira chikamu chetatu bunker gadziriso factor clause kuti usatore mafuta spikes ega.
- Rollover zvakakosha: Pasina clause, mudziyo wako unogona kukungurutswa kakawanda. Kuda kunyorwa kwekutanga kune vanotakura makondirakiti.
- Demurrage waivers: Ronga kwemazuva 7-14 emahara kwauri kuenda. Kana izvo zvangopera, cap demurrage pamadhora zana / zuva pamudziyo.
- Mitemo yekubhadhara: Simbira pane mambure 30 kana mambure 45. Mafambiro emari akakosha. Kana anoendesa mberi achida kubhadharwa kwepamberi pavhoriyamu yekontrakiti, iwo mureza mutsvuku.
Nhanho 4: Tauriranai maGRI caps uye peak mwaka garandi. General Rate Inowedzera (GRIs) inogona kudzima margin yako kana isina kuvharwa. Rambira pane chirevo chinomisa chero GRI imwe chete kusvika gumi kubva muzana uye inokupa mazuva makumi matatu’ chiziviso. Zvinodawo kukoshesa rollover - zvichireva kuti kana mudziyo wako ukapotsa ngarava yaunoda nekuda kwekuwandisa, inowana yekutanga slot pane inotevera chikepe, isina kudhumwa kusvika pazasi pemutsara.
Nhanho yechishanu: Kiyi muzvibvumirano zvenhanho yebasa (SLAs) yenguva yekufambisa. Zvibvumirano zvenguva dzose zvinowanzosiya zvivimbiso zvekufambisa. SLA yako inofanira kutsanangura mazuva akawandisa ekufambisa (semuenzaniso, Qingdao kuenda kuLA mumazuva gumi nemana kusvika gumi nematanhatu), mafafitera ekubva (anofanirwa kufamba mukati memazuva matatu ekutapudza), uye muripo kana wakapotswa - sekuderedzwa kwemutengo wekutumira ikoko.
Kukunda-kuhwina kondirakiti chimiro kunoenderana nekukurudzira. Mativi ese ari maviri anozvipira: iwe kune hushoma TEU vhoriyamu (ine gumi muzana kushivirira), uye inoendesa kune yakatarwa chiyero chechirongwa chine ongororo yekota. Batanidza chirevo chekugumisa-kare kana kuvimbika kwekufambisa kunodonha pasi pe90%. Uye gara uchikumbira chirevo chinobvumira imwe yemahara mudziyo rerout pakota - inobatsira kana kudiwa kuchichinja zvisingatarisirwi.
Mhedziso
Chibvumirano che50+ TEU nemutengesi wekuChina uyo akabata zvibvumirano zvekutakura zvakananga anowanzo dzika 8-15% pazasi pemitengo. Kune China-US West Coast 40ft mudziyo, zvinoreva kubhadhara $2,720–$3,230 panzvimbo yaNovember 3,200– $3,800. Iko kukosha chaiko kunouya muzvikamu: GRI caps pa10% pakota, mazuva emahara ekuvharirwa, uye pamberi rollover kudzivirira. Ndiyo bhenji yekuunza munhaurirano yako inotevera.
Kana iwe uri kufambisa vhoriyamu inowirirana uye uchida anoendesa mberi anogadzira zvibvumirano zvakatenderedza izvo zvidziviriro, ongorora WanSea's. mabasa ekutakura zvinhu mugungwa. Vanoshanda kunze kweQingdao ne zvakananga mutakuri zvibvumirano uye kupa zvibvumirano zvechibvumirano zvinotsanangurwa pano.
Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa
Ndeipi yakajairwa vhoriyamu shoma yekuzvipira kwemitengo yekondirakiti kubva kuChina?
Pamitengo yekondirakiti, vanoendesa mberi vanotarisira kuzvipira kwehuwandu hwemakumi mashanu kusvika zana TEU pagore. Ichi chikumbaridzo chinovhura 8-15% yekuchengetedza pasi pemitengo yenzvimbo nekubvumira yakananga mutakuri chibvumirano kuwana. Tarisira kuita kanenge makumi mashanu eTEU pagore kune yakasarudzika makondirakiti mitengo.
Mari yekondirakiti yekutakura zvinhu mugungwa inowanzoshanda kwenguva yakareba sei?
Mari dzekondirakiti kubva kuChina dzinowanzoshanda kwemwedzi mitatu kusvika kumwedzi mitanhatu. Vafambisi vanowanzovhara mareti pakota kana semiannually kuti vaenzanise kugadzikana nekuchinja kwemusika. Kurukurai chiyero chechokwadi chakaenderana nemafambisirwo ako ekutumira.
Ndinogona here kutaurirana nezvekuvharirwa uye demurrage waivers?
Ehe, iwe unogona kutaurirana mazuva emahara uye epamusoro zvikumbaridzo zvekuvharirwa uye demurrage. Kuzvipira kwevhoriyamu uye kuyerera kwekutakura zvinhu zvinokupa mukana wekuchengetedza mazuva emahara 5-7. Kumbira 5-7 mazuva emahara mukontrakiti yako kuti udzivise kubhadhariswa kwekushamisika.
Chii chinonzi GRI cap uye inondidzivirira sei?
Chivharo cheGRI chinodzikamisa iyo yakanyanya General Rate Kuwedzera mutakuri anogona kunyorera mukati memwaka wepamusoro. Iyo inodzivirira bhajeti yako nekuvhara kuwedzera kune yakatarwa muzana, kudzivirira nzvimbo dzemusika spikes. Cap GRI pa10-15% yekudzora mutengo wepamusoro wemwaka.
Ndinosimbisa sei zvibvumirano zvemutakuri weChinese?
Kumbira zvisimbiso zvekurongedzerwa kwemutakuri, rezenisi reNVOCC, uye mabhiri achangoburwa ekutakura anoratidza mazita emutakuri. Anofambisira mberi ane mukurumbira akaita seWanSea achapa humbowo hwezvibvumirano neCOSCO, MSK, kana zvimwe zvikuru. Gara uchikumbira B/L makopi uye anotakura makondirakiti mareferensi.
